CONCLUSION: Compared with ureteroneocystostomy, end-to-end ureteroneocystostomy can reduce the incidence of vesicoureteral refluox and urinary tract infection.
Pressuring doctors to prescribe antibiotics for mild congestion, urinary tract infections or slow-to-heal wounds contributes to antibiotic overuse and the resulting resistance.
Primary vesicoureteral reflux is usually due to a short ureter, while secondary vesicoureteral reflux is usually due to a blockage in the urinary tract.